Swiss War Materiel and Arms Exports

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Anti-aircraft guns for Pakistan

Goods category: War materiel

Oerlikon GDF-003 35 mm twin gun, Taiwan, 13.08.2011.

CC BY-SA 3.0

In 2008, Pakistan was the largest buyer of Swiss war materiel, at around 110 million Swiss francs. Deliveries included anti-aircraft systems. The export volume was around three times the 2007 level. Following a temporary suspension of exports in 2007, the Federal Council approved a deal in 2008 for 21 anti-aircraft systems and ammunition, valued at 136 million Swiss francs. On 25 March 2009, the Federal Council approved the export of 12’500 rounds for anti-aircraft guns to Pakistan, worth around 13 million Swiss francs. The approval was criticised during debate over the export ban on Pakistan. On the same day, the Federal Council decided, as a general rule, to grant no new war materiel export licences for Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Exceptions notably remained for spare parts and ammunition for previously authorised goods, and small arms for private or sporting purposes. The contemporary Swissinfo report of 14 November 2007 names Oerlikon Contraves as the manufacturer and dates the original authorisation of the 136-million-franc deal to December 2006. It states that six systems worth around 38 million Swiss francs had been delivered before the provisional suspension in November 2007. There was also an option for three further systems costing around 20 million Swiss francs. The source refers to the 21 units as systems.

Effect of the proposed War Materiel Act revision

Under the new Article 22b, the Federal Council could depart from all the licensing criteria in Article 22a under vaguely defined ‘exceptional circumstances’. The public would not have to be informed. The Federal Council could add Pakistan to Annex 2 by amending the War Materiel Ordinance. This would remove the exclusion criterion based on participation in an armed conflict and make approval the rule. The Federal Council could refuse a licence only in exceptional cases. Article 18 paragraph 1 would abolish non-re-export declarations in the vast majority of cases. Weapons for Pakistan could thus easily be supplied through a subsidiary or intermediary in a third country. The United States could serve as a third country, having, according to SIPRI, supplied substantial quantities of war materiel to Pakistan in recent years (2’134 million TIV).

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Companies

Time period

Approval in 2006; partial deliveries/suspension in 2007; clearance in 2008; ammunition approval in 2009

Sources