In February 1997, Dieter Bührle’s Zurich company T&T Technology Trading organised the delivery of 42.2 tonnes of hydraulic and other spare parts for 155 mm GH N-45 howitzers to Iran’s Ministry of Defence. The 35 crates were loaded in Bratislava and flown to Tehran; the transaction was valued at around ten million Swiss francs. It was handled through companies in Slovakia and Bührle’s company ITF in St Vincent, which had acquired rights to the weapon in 1993. Bührle confirmed the deal in 2000 but denied that it was illegal. Investigations took place in Austria; no final outcome of the proceedings is documented. Austrian authorities had already seized artillery parts intended for Iran at the port of Krems on 3 February 1997 and at Vienna-Schwechat Airport on 8 February. In 1998, T&T Technology Trading negotiated the sale of 36 GH N-45 howitzers to Pakistan. A company representative met Pakistani military officers in Nottingham; the talks took place after Pakistan’s nuclear tests in May 1998. A price of US$620’000 to US$650’000 per gun was under discussion. After acquiring the rights to the GHN-45, Dieter Bührle’s company ITF had 54 guns of this type in 155 mm calibre assembled in Liezen, Austria, and sold to the Thai army. An Austrian export licence had been issued. The transaction became public in 2000 in connection with investigations into later GHN-45 parts deliveries to Iran.