In autumn 1985, Helitrade AG in Belp, a Heliswiss subsidiary, offered 1250 US TOW anti-tank missiles for Iran through British arms dealer Ben Banerjee and his company B R & W Industries Ltd. The planned procurement route ran through Portugal; Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, Sepah Pasdaran, were named as the buyer. In 1987, the value was given as around 16 million Swiss francs or US$7.5 million. Invoices and bank records from November and December 1985, together with a telex about refuelling a transport aircraft in Tehran, documented preparations for the deal. The missiles were described in the papers as forklift trucks. Helitrade managing director Walter Demuth confirmed the attempted transaction but denied that the delivery had taken place. Actual delivery of these 1250 missiles remains unresolved.
In September 1987, Walter Demuth was arrested in Turin under a US arrest warrant on suspicion of trading in military aircraft and fraud against the United States. According to information published at the time by Turin police, the case involved used French military aircraft and other war materiel worth US$20 million, among other items. Seized documents allegedly concerned an ongoing transaction officially destined for Zaire but actually for Iran.
The Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland also examined a potentially related matter. Aircraft types, quantities, actual delivery and the outcome of the proceedings remain unclear. The allegation concerns a different package of goods from Helitrade’s 1985 TOW offer.
Effect of the proposed War Materiel Act revision
Under the new Article 22b, the Federal Council could depart from all the licensing criteria in Article 22a under vaguely defined ‘exceptional circumstances’. The public would not have to be informed.
The Federal Council could add Iran to Annex 2 by amending the War Materiel Ordinance. This would remove the exclusion criterion based on participation in an armed conflict and make approval the rule. The Federal Council could refuse a licence only in exceptional cases.
Article 18 paragraph 1 would abolish non-re-export declarations in the vast majority of cases. Weapons for Iran could thus easily be supplied through a subsidiary or intermediary in a third country.