Pilatus aircraft against Zapatista uprisings in Mexico
Goods category: Special military goods
In January 1994, the Mexican army used armed Pilatus PC-7s against the Zapatista uprising in Chiapas. Attacks on civilians were also reported. The aircraft had been exported as trainers.
In June 2015, Pilatus PC-7s flew over teachers’ protests in Oaxaca. SECO confirmed the aircraft type from the footage. Weapons experts considered the objects visible beneath the wings to be possible 12.7 mm machine-gun pods or rocket pods.
On 30 January 1995, the Federal Council rejected the export of 48 Pilatus PC-9s to Mexico. The proposed aircraft were to have weapons hardpoints under their wings. After Mexican PC-7s were used in the Chiapas conflict in 1994, doubts arose over whether the new aircraft would be used exclusively for training. Mexico insisted on the version capable of being armed. The planned deal, valued at around 300 million Swiss francs, did not proceed.
According to its own account, SECO again authorised the export of Pilatus aircraft to Mexico in 2007. The PC-9s were subject to a condition requiring their exclusive use for pilot training. In 2015, the Tages-Anzeiger reported four PC-9s delivered in 2007. The Swiss aircraft register chronology already lists two new PC-9Ms for Mexico in September 2006, with serial numbers 669 and 670 and registrations HB-HRI and HB-HRJ. The numbers and dates of licences and deliveries therefore cannot be conclusively reconciled.
In its 1994 response to motion 94.3072, the Federal Council stated that it had expressed disapproval to Mexico over the armed use of PC-7s in Chiapas. Contrary to the motion’s assertion, however, the purchases at the time had not been subject to any conditions on their use, so no breach of contract could be alleged. Most PC-7 and PC-9 spare parts at the time, with exceptions such as engines, did not require export licences. The Federal Council considered an exceptional ban on these spare-parts deliveries disproportionate. This statement concerns the older PC-7s and does not remove the conditions attached to later deals.
Effect of the proposed War Materiel Act revision
In Switzerland, special military goods (unlike in most other countries) are not subject to the War Materiel Act, but to the much weaker Goods Control Act.
Countries
Conflicts
Companies
Time period
Chiapas in 1994; refusal in 1995; PC-9 in 2006/2007; Oaxaca in 2015
Sources
- SonntagsZeitung, 03.11.2013, S. 13: Handlanger der Schurkenstaaten (Benno Tuchschmid und Balz Spörri; Illustration Mario Wagner)
- tagesanzeiger.ch, 11.03.2023: Die Schweizer Rüstungsexporte: Eine Geschichte mit Skandalen, Vertuschungen und Übertreibungen (Rico Bandle)
- SonntagsZeitung, 12.03.2023, S. 8: Skandale, Vertuschungen, Übertreibungen (Rico Bandle)
- Neue Zürcher Zeitung online, 22.06.2018: Die wichtigsten Etappen im politischen Seilziehen um Kriegsmaterialexporte (Heidi Gmür)
- Surprise, 29.11.2019, S. 14: Pilatus hat leise gehustet
- HandelsZeitung, 22.02.1996, S. 2: Pilatus-Flugzeuge stehen im Mittelpunkt (Richard Gerster und Oscar J. Schwenk)
- L’Hebdo, 14.03.1996, S. 23: Les quarante-trois affreux (Pierre-André Stauffer)
- SWI swissinfo.ch, 15.11.2009: Esportazioni militari, una storia di scandali (Carole Wälti; italienische Übersetzung: Sonia Fenazzi)
- Tribune de Genève, 24.05.1997: Le Pilatus est dans le collimateur des tiers-mondistes depuis vingt ans (Hauptartikel: O. G.; weitere Texte: C. T.; Foto: Olivier Heeb / AURA)
- Tages-Anzeiger / Newsnet, 01.08.2015: Schweizer Flugzeuge gegen Demonstranten (Im TXT nicht genannt)
- Chiapas.ch: Chronologie Juni 2015, Pilatus-Überflüge in Oaxaca
- Diplomatische Dokumente der Schweiz: DDS 1995, Einordnung des Bundesratsentscheids vom 30.01.1995, Protokoll Nr. 148 (dodis 68816)
- ETH Zürich: Bulletin zur schweizerischen Sicherheitspolitik 1995, Chronologie, S. 122, 30.01.1995
- Pilatus Aircraft Ltd: Chronik 2025, Einträge 1993, 1995 und 2012
- Der Bund, 21.03.1996, S. 16: burma / Kampfmeldungen — Pilatus-Angriff (dg.)
- SkyNews.ch, Ausgabe 11/2006: Schweizer Luftfahrzeugregister September 2006, PC-9M HB-HRI/HB-HRJ (archivierte Zeitschriftenfassung)
- Schweizer Parlament, Motion 94.3072: Pilatus-Porter. Lieferung von Ersatzteilen an die Regierung Mexikos; Antwort des Bundesrates 1994 (französischer Volltext geprüft)