Swiss War Materiel and Arms Exports

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Arms and licences for Turkey despite human rights violations

Goods category: War materiel Unclear

Oerlikon GDF-003 35 mm twin gun, Taiwan, 13.08.2011.

CC BY-SA 3.0

In 1985 and 1986, Turkey was the largest buyer of Swiss weapons. Pax Christi reports deliveries worth 356 million Swiss francs in 1984–1991. In 1990, Switzerland prohibited a shipment of 70 mm ammunition, citing human rights violations. In 1993, during military confrontations in the Kurdish regions, Turkey was a major buyer of Swiss armaments. From January 1991, Oerlikon-Italiana supplied 25 mm cannons for Turkish armoured vehicles under a deal covering 75 units. In January 1993, 60 units were still outstanding. Handling the transaction through the Italian operation was linked to Switzerland’s arms embargo on Turkey. The Turkish company Çansas manufactured 35 mm guns under licence from Oerlikon-Bührle. A Contraves licence enabled Aselsan to manufacture gun electronics. These manufacturing capabilities existed around the time of Switzerland’s 1991 export bans and enabled Turkish production using previously transferred technical knowledge.

Effect of the proposed War Materiel Act revision

Under the new Article 22b, the Federal Council could depart from all the licensing criteria in Article 22a under vaguely defined ‘exceptional circumstances’. The public would not have to be informed. The Federal Council could add Turkey to Annex 2 by amending the War Materiel Ordinance. This would remove the exclusion criterion based on participation in an armed conflict and make approval the rule. The Federal Council could refuse a licence only in exceptional cases. Article 18 paragraph 1 would abolish non-re-export declarations in the vast majority of cases. Weapons for Turkey could thus easily be supplied through a subsidiary or intermediary in a third country. The United States could serve as a third country, having, according to SIPRI, supplied substantial quantities of war materiel to Turkey in recent years (3’964 million TIV).

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Time period

1984–1993

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