During the Iran–Iraq War, the Swiss company FCA Contractor brokered supplies of thiodiglycol, a precursor used to manufacture mustard gas, to both warring parties. Contemporary reports mention 500 tonnes each for Iran and Iraq. Frans van Anraat conducted chemicals deals through FCA Contractor in Switzerland. For his Iraqi transactions, the Court of Appeal in The Hague established that at least 1’116 tonnes of thiodiglycol were actually delivered between mid-1985 and February 1988. The chemicals originated in Japan and the United States and reached Iraq via routes including Trieste and Aqaba. On 9 May 2007, van Anraat was sentenced in the Netherlands to 17 years in prison for complicity in war crimes. His deliveries contributed to the manufacture of mustard gas used in Iraqi chemical attacks against people in Iran and Iraq, including the attack on Halabja. He was acquitted of complicity in genocide. On 30 June 2009, the Hoge Raad upheld his conviction and reduced his sentence to 16 years and six months because of the length of the proceedings. The European Court of Human Rights declared his application inadmissible on 6 July 2010. In 2016, a Texas court of appeals considered, among other evidence, shipping documents seized at van Anraat’s Swiss home in Alarcon v. Alcolac. It upheld the dismissal of a US Gulf War veteran’s damages claim because the connection between the chemical shipments in question and his injury had not been sufficiently established. This civil case was separate from van Anraat’s Dutch criminal conviction.